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Document informations
Author(s): Jutta Odenthal-Kahabka
Original article: Odenthal-Kahabka, J. (2005): Handreichung Sturmschadensbewältigung. Hrsg. Landesforstverwaltung Baden-Württemberg und Landesforsten Rheinland-Pfalz.
Online version: Status: 07.04.2009
Editorial office: FVA, D
Available languages: Print view  deutsch english

Storm Handbook – Coping with Storm Damaged Timber

Logo
Photos left and middle: FVA Freiburg, Photo right: R. Willmann

Background

The department of Forest Economics of Baden-Wuerttemberg's Forest Research Institute (FVA) developed the "Storm Handbook – Coping with storm damaged timber" for the federal states of Baden-Wuerttemberg and Rheinland-Pfalz on behalf of the Ministry for Food and Rural Areas Baden Wuerttemberg and in collaboration with the Forest Research Institute Rheinland-Pfalz.

While clearing up the damage caused by storm "Lothar" (1999) it became clear that, despite a purposeful and coordinated action for coping with the damage, a practical handbook for on-site staff is needed to handle storm damage which might occur in the future.

So far, a practical guide for handling extreme damage situations for locally affected staff and forest owners is missing. This handbook deals primarily with technical instructions, gives suggestions and proposes solutions as a direct aid for coping with future storms.

Objectives

The aim of the project was to develop a practical and technically oriented handbook on how to cope with storm damaged forests. The main contents being basic and fundamental information as well as lastingly valid instructions to fill information gaps on how to deal with suddenly occurring calamities.

The collection of instructions, checklists and leaflets encompasses the whole process of coping with storm damaged timber and provides basic information. The handbook therefore creates a basic standard of knowledge, providing staff with a compendium for future storm calamities, enabling them to handle the damage in a well equipped, calm and efficient manner.

Outline of the Storm Handbook with links to the topics

1. First Measures and Survey of Damages

2. Strategies and Personnel Management

3. Salvage Logging and Work Safety

4. Timber Storage

5. Forest Protection

6. Timber Transportation

7. Regeneration and Afforestation

8. Subsidies and Public Relations

9. Links

1. First Measures and Survey of Damages

A storm event – first measures
A storm event – first measures  

Risk to life? Important roads are barred? Which measures should be taken first after a storm event?

 
Survey of Damages after Storm Events
Survey of Damages after Storm Events  

Exact information on the extent of storm damage is important to forestry offices/ forest authorities, forest districts as well as for forest administration management planning, organising and coping with the storm's aftermath.

2. Strategies and Personnel Management

Foundation of a Solidarity Community
Foundation of a Solidarity Community  

The foundation of a solidarity community offers key benefits when coping with storm damages. The community of Gengenbach exemplified this after storm "Lothar".

 
The Forest Damage Compensation Law
The Forest Damage Compensation Law  

If national impacts on the timber market due to a storm catastrophe are expected, it's possible to reduce the regular cut in other non affected federal states by the Forest Damage Compensation Law.

Order of harvesting and processing storm-damaged timber
Order of harvesting and processing storm-damaged timber  

Different timber, different assortments, different quality. Before starting processing storm damages you should be clear about the best order of processing.

 
Strategies for storm damage management
Strategies for storm damage management  

How to find the best strategy for storm damage management? Several factors are to be considered. A reasonable way is to have a common strategy for all affected owners.

Personnel Management at Salvage Logging
Personnel Management at Salvage Logging  

Without a doubt there will be an extraordinary high work load for all personnel after storm catastrophes. Appropriate personnel measures are necessary to support personnel motivation.

 
 
     

3. Salvage Logging and Work Safety

Harvesting Methods for Windthrown Timber
Harvesting Methods for Windthrown Timber  

Which harvesting method is most suitable when coping with storm damages? Depending on conditions and availability of machines different combinations are possible.

 
Storm Damage - Work Safety
Storm Damage - Work Safety  

Dangerous situations - at the beginning of logging due to safe practices being underestimated or overlooked and later on as work becomes routine and is treated light-heartedly.

Chipper Application when Coping with Storm Damages
Chipper Application when Coping with Storm Damages  

It is possible to use storm damaged timber for wood chip production. Whether the processing is profitable or not depends on different factors.

 
Salvage Logging of Storm Damaged Timber
Salvage Logging of Storm Damaged Timber  

Safety training, organising the supporting machines, instruction of contractors, maintaining quality standards … Many things have to be taken into consideration for a safe and clean salvage logging.

4. Timber Storage

Storage Methods after Calamities
Storage Methods after Calamities  

Log-conservation is an important issue after storm events. Due to the situation, there are different methods of log conservation.

 
 
     
Timber Storage - Dry Storage
Timber Storage - Dry Storage  

You are going to plan a dry storage for timber? Everything to be considered is listed in this recommendation.

 
Timber Storage - Log conservation under Oxygen Exclusion
Timber Storage - Log conservation under Oxygen Exclusion  

Logs stored under oxygen exclusion can be an option especially for valuable logs.

Timber Storage – Life Conservation
Timber Storage – Life Conservation  

It is possible to leave storm-damaged trees for up to two years in conservation without processing, if certain conditions are met.

 
Timber Storage - Storage Over Bark
Timber Storage - Storage Over Bark  

The simplest way to store storm-damaged timber is the storage over bark alongside forest roads - if the period of time between processing and transport to the customer is known.

4.1 Wet Storage

Wet Storage - General information about wet storage
Wet Storage - General information about wet storage  

Advantages and drawbacks of wet storage at a glance.

 
Wet Storage - Miscellaneous
Wet Storage - Miscellaneous  

A lot of things should be considered in advance if you’re planning to build a wet storage site.

Wet Storage - Organising Storage and Removal of Timber
Wet Storage - Organising Storage and Removal of Timber  

Some rules to sustain the quality of timber and to keep track of wet storage.

 
Wet Storage – Site Preparation
Wet Storage – Site Preparation  

How to prepare suitable wet storage sites.

Wet Storage – Water Extraction
Wet Storage – Water Extraction  

This article deals with all important questions about water extraction and irrigation systems.

 
Wet Storage – Winter Operation
Wet Storage – Winter Operation  

This article shows how the irrigation system needs to be handled in winter to prevent the timber and the system itself from damage.

Wet Storage - Costs
Wet Storage - Costs  

This article answers the question:"How much does wet storage cost?"

 
Wet Storage – Armillaria Infection
Wet Storage – Armillaria Infection  

Sometimes Armillaria mellea can spread in wet stored timber over bark independent from irrigation system and quality.

5. Forest Protection

Insecticides
Insecticides  

Instructions for professional application of insecticides.

 
 
     
Alternative Control Measures
Alternative Control Measures  

Alternative control measures can be applied to reduce wood and bark boring insects.

 
Integrated Forest Protection
Integrated Forest Protection  

Forest protection problems – mostly bark beetle calamities – mainly follow storm calamities. Integrated Forest Protection can be an important instrument for preventive measures.

Bark Boring Insects
Bark Boring Insects  

The most effective way of reducing bark beetle damage to conifers is "clean" forest practise.

 
Wood Boring Insects
Wood Boring Insects  

After storm damages there is often a proliferation of wood boring species as well as bark boring species. They can do considerable economical damage.

6. Timber Transportation

Transportation by Truck
Transportation by Truck  

Not only to avoid transportation shortages during catastrophes but also in normal times, truck transport systems with containers or trailers are an interesting alternative to common timber trucks.

 
 
     
Timber Haulage by Railway
Timber Haulage by Railway  

For long distance transportation of timber after storm events the railway is a cost efficient alternative. Thereby additionally capacities for short distance transportation are made available. The article shows what has to be taken into consideration when organising transportation by railway.

 
Timber Haulage by Ship
Timber Haulage by Ship  

For the first time after the "Lothar" stormlarge amounts of timber from Baden-Wuerttemberg was shipped to customers. The immense organisational effort demands careful planning and coordination.

7. Regeneration and Afforestation

Regeneration and Afforestation of Storm Damaged Areas
Regeneration and Afforestation of Storm Damaged Areas  

Post storm the question arises: How to reafforest a side adapted stand? Through the assessment of the site and the existing and expected natural regeneration, it is possible to estimate the potential of the area to regenerate naturally.

 
 
     

8. Subsidies and Public Relations

Public Relations after Storm Events
Public Relations after Storm Events  

Due to storm damage coverage, the forest and forestry receives a broad media response ("Only bad news is good news"). Ongoing media coverage of well chosen topics helps the public build a positive image of forest enterprises.

 
Subsidies for Forest Owners after Storm Events
Subsidies for Forest Owners after Storm Events  

For heavily storm damaged forest enterprises public subsidies are necessary to survive.

9. Links

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